California NanoSystems Institute

Core Facilities at CNSI

The California NanoSystems Institute is exploring the power and potential of organizing and manipulating matter to engineer new integrated and emergent systems and devices, by starting down at the nanoscale level that will advance information technology, energy production, storage and saving, environmental well-being and diagnosis, and prevention and treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases. The institute's demonstrated ability to attract stellar faculty and top tier students will have a critical impact on the development of the next generation of scientists, engineers, and artists, who will bring prosperity and enlightenment to the State of California.

To support the research, the CNSI encompasses eight core facilities which include both wet and dry laboratories, equipment in the form of electron microscopes, atomic force microscopes, X-ray diffractometers, optical microscopies and spectroscopies, high throughput robitics and class 100 and 1000 clean rooms for projects led by CNSI and other faculty. Each of the following core facilities will afford critical work space for numerous research projects led by CNSI and other faculty and will be available to industry and academia.

Advanced Light Microscopy / Spectroscopy

Shimon Weiss, Faculty Director
Laurent A. Bentolila, Scientific Director

The accelerating field of molecular imaging has witnessed major technical advances that are now introducing the cell biologist and the physician alike to a new, dynamic, subcellular world where genes and gene products can be visualized to interact in space and time and in health and disease. The mission of the Advanced Light Microscopy/Spectroscopy Shared Facility is to provide consultation, services and support for the application of novel spectroscopic methods and advanced image analysis techniques for the study of macromolecules, cellular dynamics and nano-scale characterization of bio-materials.

Our research resource is much more than just a state-of-the-art facility, since we provide both new imaging agents and new instrumental technologies.

Firstly, our facility support the development of novel imaging reagents and indicator probes made of inorganic fluorescent semiconductor crystals (known as quantum dots) that can be synthesized in various colors and functionalized with various biological molecules including nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, small compounds etc... The unique optical properties of qdots enable to multiplex many different biological signals in complex environments such as the living cell. Importantly, qdot imaging has the potential of covering all length scales (from the macro-, micro- to the nano-scales), which is a formidable asset to tackle the complexities and the dynamics of the various molecular and cellular events by probing when and where defined molecules appear, interact, and disappear.

Secondly, our facility provides a collection of high-hand, customized biological fluorescence microscopes and small-animal imaging devices that provide the ability to study these processes with high spatial and temporal resolution in whole organisms and in living cells down to the single molecule detection level with nanometer-accuracy.

Micro and Nano-Scale Imaging

Located on the first floor of the CNSI building, an optical suite of 1,000 square feet was specifically designed to house our microscopes with the required environment control (low vibration, air-filtered, air-conditioned to +1^oC and light-tight) and services. The facility currently provides: Wide-field Fluorescence Imaging Microscopy, Iterative Deconvolution and Computational Derived Optical Sections, Confocal One-Photon and Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy Imaging, Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS), Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM), Time-Correlated-Single-Photon-Counting (TCSPC) and Near-Infrared (NIR) Detection.

For further inquires, contact Laurent Bentolila, Scientific Director at: Email Address: lbento@chem.ucla.edu

Equipment Reservations

Electron Imaging Center for NanoMachines (EICN)

Z. Hong Zhou, Faculty Director
Sergey Ryazantsev, Associate Director and Ivo Atanasov, Associate Director

Viewing molecules, materials and molecular machines at high magnification and in three dimensions is important for research at the molecular scale and critical to nanoscience. Through an NIH major instrumentation grant and supports from UCLA, the Electron Imaging Center for Nanomachines (EICN) was established at CNSI to provide advanced electron imaging tools to see macromolecular machineries and to understand their mechanisms of action. EICN is now able to cover nanometer to tens of micrometer size ranges, delivering valuable structural information for cell biological, biomolecular, molecular and materials sciences. The state-of-the-art EICN facility will offer all major electron imaging modalities. Currently available capabilities at EICN include single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) at near atomic resolution, and cryo-electron tomography (cryoET) at molecular resolution, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis for mass and elementary mapping. These structural methods provide exciting opportunities to microbiologists, cell and molecular biologists, chemists and materials scientists for three-dimensional (3D) structural characterization of a wide variety of assemblies, devices and materials. The facility is operated by highly an experienced technical staff who can assist users to address their complex electron imaging needs.

For details about EICN and available instruments, please visit the official EICN website at www.eicn.cnsi.ucla.edu

For further inquires, contact Sergey Ryazantsev, Associate Director or Ivo Atanasov, Associate Director

Integrated NanoMaterials Lab

Diana Huffaker, Faculty Director
Ganesh Balakrishnan, Technical Director

The Integrated NanoMaterials laboratory is a state of art nano-materials synthesis and characterization facility. The focus of this laboratory is to address critical technological needs of the future through nano-material development and to integrate nano-material science with disciplines such as electronics, photonics, renewable energy, chemistry, biology, physics and medicine.

The Integrated NanoMaterials laboratory features a state of art GEN 930 III-V and Si molecular beam epitaxy reactor with an unprecedented array of material synthesis, characterization and growth monitoring tools. The reactor is designed to realize optimal epitaxy for lasers, detectors, solar-cells, thermo-photo-voltaics and transistors. The nano-material synthesis capabilities include the ability to grow nano-wires, nano-pillars, quantum dots and single atomic layer thick semiconductor films. The cluster configuration envisioned around this reactor will allow the study of - structural, optical and electronic properties of nano-materials under pristine ultra-high vacuum conditions using a range of microscopes including a scanning electron microscope, scanning tunneling microscope and low-energy electron microscope.

The laboratory serves the research and development requirements for several research teams at UCLA, national and international academic partners, national laboratories and industrial partners. The extensive technological advancements made by this lab in the area of integrated III-Sb/CMOS optoelectronics, photonics and electronics forms the basis for a large number of the industrial partnerships.

The Integrated NanoMaterials Lab at CNSI is currently under construction.

Integrated Systems Nanofabrication Cleanroom (ISNC)

Kang Wang, Faculty Director
Steve Franz, Technical Director

The CNSI Integrated Systems Nanofabrication Cleanroom (ISNC) consists of 8,900 square feet of vertical-flow clean room space and 680 square feet of class 10,000 support space. The clean room is divided into 12 process bays and their associated air return chases.

There are 4 class 100 bays (3 of which have yellow lights for lithography applications) and 8 class 1,000 bays, 2 of which form a biology suite with its own dedicated air flow system. A full complement of utilities including high purity DI water, high purity nitrogen, reactive gases, chilled water etc. are available to each process bay. The latest advances in vibration isolation and electromagnetic shielding are integrated into the clean space to allow installation of the most sensitive and demanding fabrication and analysis equipment. The layout and wall structure allow for quick change of equipment with minimum impact to the clean room.

The CNSI approach is unique in that it will integrate classic semiconductor tools and processes with biological, chemical, and medical substrates. Traditionally, semiconductor processing excludes these types of applications because of the possibility of cross-contamination and equipment damage. High speed Intel processors would not function correctly if exposed to cellular material, for example. By proper process design and equipment selection, (limiting temperature during processing of organic films, for instance,) it should be possible to successfully join many standard process techniques with the evolving bio-medical and nanoscale fabrication applications. Integrating the biology suite into the clean room allows scientists to keep their samples free of even trace contamination which may affect the outcome of their experiments.

Of course, new processes and techniques will be explored and implemented as they become available. Whereas traditional semiconductor equipment is limited to very thin, flat, dry substrates, equipment capable of handling wet, thick or non-flat samples are starting to appear (e.g. Veeco's bioscope AFM for cell characterization, IMP's maskless patterning system for non-flat substrates Suss MicroTec's 3D lithography coater etc.). These tools will be essential for processing cells, proteins, tissue etc.

By making available to Chemists, Biologists, and Doctors, as well as Engineers; tools which have traditionally been dedicated to integrated circuit manufacturing, researchers will be able to interact with DNA, single molecules, proteins and a host of other, very small entities.

The Integrated Systems Nanofabrication Cleanroom will also be able to process more traditional nano-device fabrication such as quantum dots, single electron transistors, nanotips etc. The diversity of process capability will make this a very unique laboratory.

Macro-Scale Imaging

Shimon Weiss, Faculty Director
Laurent A. Bentolila, Scientific Director

Molecular Screening Shared Resource (MSSR)

Ken Bradley, Faculty Director
Robert Damoiseaux, Technical Director

High-throughput screening (HTS) involves assaying a large number of unique molecules in order to identify those that have a specific biological or chemical function. Pharmaceutical and biotech companies have traditionally performed the lion's share of HTS. However, having so much of our screening capacity outside the academic and public research community, and having that capacity narrowly focused on drug discovery, restricts both the pace of basic science as well as its translation into improved health.

Thus, the establishment of academic HTS centers will serve the long-term goals of basic science and health research by providing a much broader range of screens than commercial firms typically undertake. Toward this end, UCLA has established the Molecular Screening Shared Resource (MSSR) to provide HTS capabilities to the academic community. Through close collaborations between physicians, biologists, and chemists, it is our goal to identify molecules with novel functions in basic cellular and molecular biology, and to develop probes and research tools whose uses include but are not limited to direct drug discovery.

In addition, these efforts will gain leverage from the California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), as we incorporate new nanotechnologies into the screening process in order to advance miniaturization, improve throughput and reduce costs.

For further inquires, contact Robert Damoiseaux, Technical Director - Email Address: rdamoiseaux@mednet.ucla.edu


Website: http://www.mssr.ucla.edu/

Nano and Pico Characterization

James Gimzewski, Faculty Director
Adam Stieg, Technical Director

The Nano and Pico Characterization core facility at CNSI provides state-of-the-art microscopies to visualize surfaces and molecules as well as nanostructures and devices down to the level of individual atoms.

Scanned Probe Microscopies differ from conventional microscopes that use light or beams of charged particles. They rely upon a unique tactile sensing of the surface using atomically sharp tips that literally feel molecules and structures like a blind person reading brail. The fingers used in SPM terminate in tips shrunk down by a factor of approximately 10 million times that of your finger.

Scanned Probe Microscopies are also able to probe local properties on the atomic scale such as friction, electrical charge and local magneticism. They can also pull and record the unraveling of single molecule chains such as DNA and polymers.

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy relies on quantum mechanics to sense a tiny electrical current flowing between the tip and surface, which are not in contact. The overlap of the electron "clouds" of atom and specimen also permits the precise control of individual atoms and molecules in fabrication of nanostructures. This element of control can be thought of as the ultimate limit of fabrication.

Atomic Force Microscopy relies upon sensing tiny forces between the tip and object in order to feel and visualize nanostructures. The method uses a soft spring made from a silicon micromechanical cantilever onto which a sharp tip is attached.

SPM systems operate in a diverse range of environments, for example, from temperatures 4^oK and below (liquid Helium) up to 1000^oC. Also, they operate in the extreme vacuum of space (UHV) all the way to atmospheric to liquid environments (including biofluids and electrochemical environments).

The diversity of operation has enabled SPM techniques to be used regularly to investigate systems such as: single DNA strands, living cells, proteins, molecules and atoms. Automated robotic APM's are found in semiconductor manufacture and magnetic disk fabrication where they are critical metrology and quality control tools.

The CNSI Nano and Pico Characterization core facility encompasses SPM imaging under all these environmental conditions. It is therefore a cornerstone for developing new nanotechnology products and performing nanoscience research.

For more information about AFM/STM visit: http://www.cnsi.ucla.edu/nanopicolab/

X-Ray Diffraction and Imaging Lab

John Miao, Faculty Director

Visualizing the arrangement of atoms has revolutionized a number of fields ranging from physics, chemistry to biology. While there are already a few ways to imaging atomic structures, each has its limitations. Scanning probe microscopes are limited to imaging atomic structures at surface. Transmission electron microscopes can resolve atoms but only for samples thinner than ~ 30 nm. Crystallography can reveal the globally averaged 3D atomic structures based on the diffraction phenomenon, but requires crystals. These limitations can, in principle, be overcome by using coherent imaging that is based upon the principle of coherent scattering in combination with a method of direct phase recovery called oversampling.

For more information about the X-Ray Diffraction and Imaging Lab visit: http://www.physics.ucla.edu/research/imaging/